慢病之王糖尿病課「下」:胰島再造未來可期的希望之光?確診前如何發現和預防?確診後如何控製和緩解? #糖尿病 #血糖 #胰島素

慢病之王糖尿病課「下」:胰島再造未來可期的希望之光?確診前如何發現和預防?確診後如何控製和緩解? #糖尿病 #血糖 #胰島素

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本講重點總結:
1.胰島再造:未來可期的希望之光
在當下,可穿戴的人工胰腺已經能夠實時監測血糖、調節胰島素釋放;在未來,能夠更好的模擬人體胰腺功能的生物胰腺將有更大的前景。 2. 胰腺細胞+人工材料的混合胰腺、利用幹細胞技術製造的純生物胰腺,可能都會在未來5-10年或者更遠的未來,陸續登場。
2.二甲雙胍:「煉金術」一般的藥物
二甲雙胍深刻反映了現代生物醫學的煉金術色彩——不僅得來全靠偶然,而且連為什麽能夠降低血糖、為什麽能延長壽命,我們至今都是一頭霧水。治療糖尿病這種世界性的嚴重疾病的藥物,居然要靠運氣得來,這是天降喜訊,同時也是巨大的悲哀和無奈。
3.理性製藥:科學指導的藥物設計
一旦理解了血糖在人體當中全部的生物學活動規律,我們甚至可以在血糖代謝的起點和終點這兩個相隔千裏的戰場上,對糖尿病發起反擊。理解了在吃完一頓飯之後,胰島素系統是怎麽被啟動的,我們就能開發藥物(GLP-1類藥物和「格列汀」類藥物)模擬這個效果,促進胰島素的分泌。理解了血糖是如何被腎臟過濾和回收的,就能開發出藥物(「格列凈」類藥物)破壞腎臟的回收功能,促進血糖的排泄。
4.病程管理:確診前如何發現和預防
血糖出現問題的早期,如果發現及時,是有延緩和預防糖尿病的可能的。除了空腹血糖檢查之外,糖耐量檢查會提供更可靠的參考。如果確認處於糖尿病前期的狀態,就要盡早開始改善生活方式。管理飲食和運動,輔助藥物治療並堅持下去,會取得很好的成效。對於中國人來說,預防糖尿病還需要考慮特殊的國情,特別要註意少吃精製澱粉,盡量多吃粗糧和雜糧。
5.病程管理:確診後如何控製和緩解
目前對抗糖尿病最好的結果是長期控製,延緩它的惡化,阻止並發癥的出現。改善生活方式和分層次的藥物治療,是實現控製的核心所在。未來,緩解甚至完全治愈糖尿病也許會成為一種可能。減肥手術和專門設計的全新食物,是我們值得期待的方向。
6.展望未來:對抗糖尿病,路在何方
能真正幫助我們對抗人類本能,對抗現代生活方式帶來的「三高」對,最終還是人類對理性和科技發展。更全面的疾病教育,以及新技術帶來的高度個性化的生活方式管理,是未來巨大的產業機會,更是我們對抗糖尿病,對抗「三高」對希望所在。

1.Islet reconstruction: a ray of hope for the future
At present, wearable artificial pancreas can already monitor blood sugar and regulate insulin release in real time; in the future, biological pancreas that can better simulate the function of human pancreas will have greater prospects. 2. Hybrid pancreas with pancreatic cells + artificial materials and pure biological pancreas manufactured using stem cell technology may be launched one after another in the next 5-10 years or even further in the future.
2. Metformin: an “alchemy” drug
Metformin profoundly reflects the alchemy of modern biomedicine – not only did it come about by chance, but we are still at a loss as to why it can lower blood sugar and extend life. The fact that drugs to treat diabetes, a serious disease worldwide, actually depend on luck. This is good news from heaven, but it is also a huge sadness and helplessness.
3. Rational pharmaceuticals: scientifically guided drug design
Once we understand all the biological activities of blood sugar in the human body, we can even launch a counterattack against diabetes on two battlefields, the starting point and the end point of blood sugar metabolism, which are thousands of miles apart. By understanding how the insulin system is activated after eating a meal, we can develop drugs (GLP-1 drugs and “gliptin” drugs) to simulate this effect and promote insulin secretion. By understanding how blood sugar is filtered and recycled by the kidneys, drugs (“gliflozin” drugs) can be developed to destroy the kidney’s recycling function and promote the excretion of blood sugar.
4. Disease course management: how to detect and prevent before diagnosis
If blood sugar problems are discovered in an early stage, it is possible to delay and prevent diabetes. In addition to fasting blood glucose testing, glucose tolerance testing will provide a more reliable reference. If you are confirmed to be in a pre-diabetic state, you should start improving your lifestyle as soon as possible. Good results can be achieved by managing diet and exercise, supplementing medication and sticking to it. For the Chinese, special national conditions need to be considered to prevent diabetes, and special attention should be paid to eating less refined starch and eating more whole grains and miscellaneous grains as much as possible.
5. Disease course management: how to control and alleviate the disease after diagnosis
At present, the best result in fighting diabetes is long-term control, delaying its progression and preventing the occurrence of complications. Improved lifestyle and layered medication are central to achieving control. In the future, it may be possible to alleviate or even completely cure diabetes. Bariatric surgery and specially designed new foods are directions we can look forward to.

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00:00:07 – :胰島再造:未來可期的希望之光
00:12:03 – :二甲雙胍:「煉金術」一般的藥物
00:24:01 – :理性製藥:科學指導的藥物設計
00:36:53 – :病程管理:確診前如何發現和預防
00:48:50 – :病程管理:確診後如何控製和緩解
01:00:44 – :展望未來:對抗糖尿病,路在何方

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