Know more diabetes了解更多糖尿病
糖尿病患者人数从1980年的1.08亿上升至2014年的4.22亿。低收入和中等收入国家的患病率上升速度高于高收入国家。糖尿病是失明、肾衰竭、心脏病发作、中风和下肢截肢的主要病因。
糖尿病是一种慢性病。当胰腺产生不了足够胰岛素或者人体无法有效地利用所产生的胰岛素时，就会出现糖尿病。胰岛素是一种调节血糖的荷尔蒙。高血糖或血糖升高是糖尿病失控的常见后果，随着时间的推移会对人体的许多系统（特别是神经和血管）带来严重损害。
与此相比，2000年至2019年，全球30岁至70岁人群死于四种主要非传染性疾病（心血管疾病、癌症、慢性呼吸道疾病或糖尿病）中任何一种的概率下降了22%。
糖尿病的症状可能会突然发生。2型糖尿病的症状可能很轻微，可能需要很多年才能注意到。
糖尿病的症状包括：感觉很渴; 需要比平时更频繁地排尿; 视物模糊; 感到疲倦; 无意中体重减轻。; 随着时间推移，糖尿病可能损害心脏、血管、眼睛、肾脏和神经。
糖尿病患者出现健康问题的风险更高，包括心脏病发作、中风和肾衰竭。
糖尿病会损害眼睛中的血管，从而导致永久性视力损失。
许多糖尿病患者因神经损伤和血流不畅而出现脚部问题。这可能导致足部溃疡，并可能导致截肢。
1型糖尿病的特征是胰岛素分泌不足，需要每日输入胰岛素。2017年，有900万1型糖尿病患者；这些人大多数生活在高收入国家。
2型糖尿病影响身体使用糖（葡萄糖）作为能量的方式。它阻止身体正确使用胰岛素，如果不治疗，会导致血糖升高。会对身体造成严重损害，尤其是神经和血管。
2型糖尿病通常是可以预防的。导致发展为2型糖尿病的因素包括超重、运动不足和遗传。
2型糖尿病的症状可能是轻微的。可能需要几年时间才能注意到。
超过95%的糖尿病患者患有2型糖尿病。2型糖尿病以前被称为非胰岛素依赖性型糖尿病或成人发病型糖尿病。直到最近，这类糖尿病还只见于成人，但现在儿童发病现象也日益频繁。
妊娠期糖尿病是血糖值高于正常值但低于糖尿病诊断值的高血糖症，发生在妊娠期间。
患有妊娠期糖尿病的妇女在妊娠和分娩期间出现并发症的风险较高。这些女性及其孩子日后患2型糖尿病的风险也更高。
The number of people with diabetes rose from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014. Rates are rising faster in low- and middle-income countries than in high-income countries. Diabetes is a leading cause of blindness, kidney failure, heart attack, stroke and lower limb amputations.
Diabetes is a chronic disease. It develops when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar. Hyperglycemia, or elevated blood sugar, is a common consequence of uncontrolled diabetes and over time can cause serious damage to many of the body’s systems, especially the nerves and blood vessels.
In contrast, the global probability of dying from any of the four major noncommunicable diseases (cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic respiratory disease or diabetes) fell by 22% between 2000 and 2019 in people aged 30 to 70 years.
Symptoms of diabetes can develop suddenly. Symptoms of type 2 diabetes can be mild and may take many years to notice.
Symptoms of diabetes include: feeling very thirsty; needing to urinate more often than usual; blurry vision; feeling tired; unintentional weight loss. ; Over time, diabetes can damage the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys, and nerves.
People with diabetes are at higher risk for health problems, including heart attack, stroke, and kidney failure.
Diabetes can damage blood vessels in the eyes, which can cause permanent vision loss.
Many people with diabetes develop foot problems due to nerve damage and poor blood flow. This can lead to foot ulcers and possibly amputation.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by insufficient insulin production, requiring daily insulin infusions. In 2017, there were 9 million people with type 1 diabetes; most of these people lived in high-income countries.
Type 2 diabetes affects the way the body uses sugar (glucose) for energy. It stops the body from using insulin correctly and, if untreated, causes high blood sugar levels. This can cause serious damage to the body, especially the nerves and blood vessels.
Type 2 diabetes is often preventable. Factors that contribute to developing type 2 diabetes include being overweight, not getting enough exercise, and genetics.
Symptoms of type 2 diabetes can be mild. It may take years to notice.
More than 95% of people with diabetes have type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes was previously known as non-insulin-dependent diabetes or adult-onset diabetes. Until recently, this type of diabetes was seen only in adults, but it is now increasingly seen in children.
Gestational diabetes is high blood sugar levels that are higher than normal, but below the level that is diagnosed with diabetes, that occur during pregnancy.
Women who have gestational diabetes are at higher risk for complications during pregnancy and childbirth. These women and their children are also at higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life.
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